السلام عليكم:
شباب انا طالب بالكليه ولقد طلبت مدرسة الأنجليزي بان الخص لها موضوعين واكتبهما باسلوبي الخاص ( كلمات مختلفه .....) ولكني لا اجيد ذلك فاريد منكم ان تساعدوني في تلخيص الموضوع التالي وكتابة كل فقرة باسلوبك الخاص ( التلخيص غير مهم ) وان شالله يجي اليوم اللي اقدر اساعدكم فيه والموضوع الأول هو:

SURVIVAL ESSENTIALS
GAS MASKS
BIOLOGICAL ATTACK
There are two "camps" on the use of or need for gas masks in these troubled times. Some say they are essential, and others say "Your're crazy!" The decision of their value is one that only you can make for yourself and your familly.

Those who say you're crazy to think about getting gas masks for you and your family question how they could be of any use at all. First, if germs of terrible diseases come from the sky, how quickly can you get to your gas mask? Will you keep it with you every where you go? If a vial of deadly germs is thrown into a public area, will you have time to put your gas mask on? These are definitely valid questions to consider in your decision.

For those of you who think gas masks won't be of much use for you and your family, or if you just can't find any, there are some things that you can do to help protect yourselves. If you did manage to get antibiotics in advance from your doctor, don't rush to take them. Prescription antibiotics taken in advance of exposure will not only do no good, they will put your body at even more risk. A lot of bacteria is killed by antibiotics, including the helpful bacteria that your body uses to fight off disease and infections. You would cause your body to be more susceptible to germs by taking antibiotics before exposure. And, most people won't have prescription antibiotics on hand.

Since you know that a biological attack is possible in the immediate future, start a fasting regimen now. This doesn't mean to stop eating. A fasting regimen includes eating less, which puts your body in its own protective mode. Besides eating less food overall, a fasting regimen includes giving up fast foods, junk foods, and most sugars; adding natural fruit juices; and making all of your food healthy, whole or raw foods as much as possible.

In addition to eating correctly, start taking multi-vitamins now. And, take natural Vitamin C with rose hips . Colloidal silver (a natural antibiotic) would be good second addition, and grapeseed extract is further protection. Natural apple cider vinegar with honey should be taken daily (see Safe Natural Cures).

Would prescription antibiotics be able to help you personally? Many people have caused their bodies to become almost immune to prescription antibiotics by using so many antibacterial products. Antibacterial soap in the shower, antibacterial soap for the dishes, antibacterial cleaners for the kitchen counters, antibacterial bandaids, etc. The use of antibacterial soap on your body kills bad germs, but it also kills good germs our bodies need to stay clean and healthy (see Safe Natural Cures under Yeast Infection and Athlete's Foot.) Stop using antibacterial soap now so your body can rebuild its own immunities, so it can rebuild its supply of good germs. Using antibacterial cleaners on your kitchen counters is very dangerous. If you don't clean every inch, the bacteria in the areas you missed become immune to the antibacterial cleaner that was used - they start mutating to defend themselves from the next "attack" of cleaner. Stop using these cleaners and dish soaps now. Stop putting antibacterial cleaners in your wahsing machine now. If your neighborhood is exposed later to biological attack, that is the time to use all of the antibacterial cleaners, dish soap, laundry soap, etc., that you can on anything but your body (with the exception of your hands).

Since you may be on your own for all your first-aid and health care needs, it is a good idea to learn now how to take care of any special needs for yourself and your family.

If you are warned of an attack in your area, you can in advance seal your windows with plastic and duct tape. Also seal all exit doors but one (until the last), including any doors that lead to

the garage. Close the fireplace flue and seal the hearth opening with plastic and duct tape. Seal all vent openings: inside the attic, under the house, above the stove, for the dryer hose, plumbing vents on the roof (if you can't get on the roof, you can instead cover the sink, washer, bathtub and shower drain holes and the toilet bowl), and any other openings you may have where outside air can come in. If there is time, be sure that all windows in all your cars are rolled up tight, and you can seal these windows and any vents with plastic and duct tape. This will not prevent air from coming up from under the car, but it will keep out poisons that fall from above.

In the event that your area does become contaminated, get yourselves and your pets indoors immediately and stay there, and seal up the last door. Poisons in the air outside will eventually be blown away or diluted by clean air. Remain sealed inside until the air outdoors is safe (24 hours??? 48 hours??? 72 hours???). If your home was actually in the drop zone, clean up everything you can when you do go back outside. First, put on a gas mask or a mask with a filter, safety goggles, and gloves (if you use disposable gloves, use two pairs at once) then go out and use an antibacterial spray on any area of your home, car and yard that anyone may touch (doorknobs, doors, windows, windowsills, fencing, etc.). Wash the outside of your car. (You may want to stop cleaning at this point and simply drive away.) Wash doors, door handles, windows and windowsills on the outside of your home. Wash fencing, outdoor furniture, and tools and toys that were outdoors. Wash your hose - and anything else you or your family may touch. Many antibacterial cleaners and dish soaps and anti-bacterial sprays are available in most grocery stores. After cleaning, wash your goggles, remove the goggles and spray the goggles, remove your gas mask and spray your gas mask then wash it, and bag up the disposable gloves and sponges you used (and disposable mask if you used one). How you deal with your shoes is up to you. You may want to dispose of them. If you need to keep them, spray them with antibacterial spray, wash them the best you can, then let them dry outdoors. After they are dry, you could try one of several things: put them in the mircrowave (if they don't have metal grommets) and nuke any remaining germs, put them in the clothes dryer on hot for at least two hours, or bag them tightly and put them in the farthest area of your yard for a few weeks, or a combination of these. Put the bag of waste in a place as far from your home as possible. Now (and only now) wash your hair and body with antibacterial soap.

It should be noted that some biological agents are spores instead of germs, like anthrax. Anthrax spores are said to not be killed with antibacterials sprays or washing. They instead are killed with intense heat for a long time. Extra care should be taken when dealing with anthrax because the spores can be put back up into the air when you walk or clean. It is said that anthrax spores can remain alive in the yard for 40 years. Maybe government officials and their experts will give more advice on this area later.
CHEMICAL WARFARE
If a vial of poison is broken near you in a public place, you may not even have time to get a gas mask on. Will you wear it every time you're out?.

In the event of a chemical attack while you are in your home, stay indoors. You can follow all of the steps listed above under Biological Attack. It may also help to keep a good air filter working in your home. It could be 48 hours before the outdoor air is safe.

والموضوع الثاني :
Gas mask
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
A gas mask is a device worn on the face to protect the body from airborne pollutants and toxins. The mask may cover the eyes and other vulnerable soft tissues of the face, and will always form a sealed cover over the nose and mouth.
Toxins may be gaseous (for example the chlorine used in WWI), or particulate (such as many biological agents developed for weapons). Many gas masks include protection from both types of toxin. The advantage of a gas mask over other breathing devices is that it does not require the user to carry an air supply (as in the use of scuba gear). However, this means that the user is dependent on the air in the atmosphere, the very medium in which toxins may be present. Thus, the mask must remove the toxins, and relay cleaned air to the user.
There are three main ways of achieving this:
Filtration
This obviously lends itself to particulate toxins. A filter works by having holes that are smaller than the particles to be removed. As many pollutant molecules and particles are much bigger than air molecules (mostly O2 and N2) this works for many applications. However, the smaller the gap through which the air has to pass, the greater the pressure that must be exerted to draw the air through. As the user's lungs provide this pressure there is a limit as to how small these passages may be. Thus to extract many gaseous toxins, other methods must be used.
Absorption and adsorption
Absorption is the process of being drawn into a (usually larger) body, or substrate, and adsorption is the process of deposition upon a surface. This can be used to remove both particulate and gaseous toxins. Although some form of reaction may take place, it is not necessary, the principle may work by attractive charges (for example if the target toxin is positively charged, use a negatively charged substrate). Examples of substrates include activated carbon, and zeolites. this effect can be very simple and highly effective, for example using a damp cloth to cover the mouth and nose whilst escaping a fire. Most of the harmful vapours and smoke will be dissolved in the water on the cloth, giving you vital extra seconds to escape.
Reaction and exchange
This principle relies upon the fact that substances that can do harm to humans are usually more reactive than air. This method of separation will use some form of generally reactive substance (for example an acid) coating or supported by some solid material. An excellent example is resins. These can be created with different groups of atoms (usually called functional groups) that exhibit different properties. Thus a resin can be tailored to a particular group of toxins. When the toxin comes into contact with the reactive substance, it will bond to it, removing it from the air stream. It may also exchange with a more harmless substance at this site.
There are two main difficulties with gas-mask design:
The user may be exposed to many different types of toxins. This is especially true of the masks that the military use, they may literally have anything thrown at them. However if the mask is for a particular use (such as the removal of a specific type of toxin in a factory), then the design can be much simpler and the cost lower.
The protection will wear off over time. Filters will clog-up, substrates for absorption will fill-up, and reactive filters will run out of reactive substance. This means that the user only has protection for so long, and then they must either replace the filter device in the mask, or use a new mask.